¿Cuánta sostenibilidad tolera la economía verde?, Leonardo Boff

Tres son los actores principales de la Río+20: los representantes oficiales de los Estados y gobiernos, los Empresarios y la Cúpula de los Pueblos. Cada grupo es portador de un proyecto y de una visión de futuro.

Los representantes oficiales, considerando el Borrador Zero, vuelven a proponer el desgastado desarrollo sostenible, ahora pintado de verde. Olvidan confesar, sin embargo, que él fracasó rotundamente. Dice Gorbachov: el actual modelo de crecimiento económico es insostenible; engendra crisis, injusticia social y el peligro de una catástrofe ambiental (O Globo 8/6/2012). Los principales elementos que sustentan la vida están degradándose, anunció en 2005 la Evaluación Sistémica de los Ecosistemas del Milenio, y ha repetido el reciente informe del PNUMA. El Borrador Cero de la Río+20 reconoce: «el desarrollo sostenible sigue siendo un objetivo distante» (n.13). Con su fe dogmática en el desarrollo sostenible que, en el fondo, es crecimiento material, siguen proponiendo más de lo mismo.

De forma contundente Gorbachov todavía dice: «veinte años después de la Río-92 estamos rodeados de cinismo y, para muchos, de desesperación». ¿No habrán sufrido los agentes del actual sistema mundial una especie de lobotomía? No sienten la urgencia de la amenaza ambiental. Prefieren salvar el sistema financiero y los bancos a garantizar la vida y proteger la Terra. Ya tiene la luz roja encendida y el cheque especial.

Los empresarios, actores importantes, están tomando conciencia de los límites de la Tierra, del aumento de la población y del calentamiento global. No esperan por los consensos casi imposibles de las reuniones de la ONU y de los gobiernos. Más de cien líderes empresariales se han reunido en Río antes del evento formal. Pretenden crear un G-0 en oposición al G-2, G-7 o G-20. Con cierto autoconvencimiento llegan a decir: «nosotros necesitamos asumir el comando». La agenda colectiva consensuada va en la línea de la economía verde, no como maquillaje sino como una producción de bajo carbono y preservando lo más posible la naturaleza. Sin embargo, solo son el 1% de las empresas con factura por encima de los mil millones de dólares como nos ha dado a conocer recientemente el Financial Times. Se dan cuenta de un problema insoluble dentro del actual modelo: cómo articular sostenibilidad y lucro. Los accionistas no quieren renunciar a su lucro en nombre de la sostenibilidad. Ésta acaba siendo tan frágil que casi se desvanece. Por lo menos, estos empresarios han visto el problema: o cambian o se hunden junto con los otros.

El tercer actor es la Cúpula de los Pueblos. Son miles de personas venidas de todo el mundo, los altermundistas, aquellos que quieren mostrar lo que están haciendo con la economía solidaria y el comercio justo, con la preservación de la semillas criollas, con el combate a los transgénicos, con la producción orgánica de la economía familiar, con las ecoaldeas y las energías alternativas. Aquí se presenta otra forma de producción y de consumo más en consonancia con los ritmos de la naturaleza, fruto de una manera nueva de ver la Tierra, con dignidad y derechos. Para abreviar, diría: en el primer grupo reina la resignación, en el segundo, la agitación, en el tercero, la esperanza.

Estimo el siguiente resultado de la Río+20. La reunión formal de la ONU va a aprobar la economía verde, manteniendo el mismo modo de producción capitalista básico. Esto dará el aval para que las empresas hagan negocios con los bienes y servicios naturales. Se creará una Organización Mundial del Medio Ambiente, en la línea de la Organización Mundial del Comercio.

Los empresarios van a presionar a los gobiernos para que no interfieran en los negocios de la economía verde. Quieren el camino libre pues se trata de una economía de bajo carbono y , por eso, ecoamigable, aunque dentro del modelo vigente.

La Cúpula de los Pueblos lanzará una alternativa a la Economía Verde: la Economía Solidaria. Crearán articulaciones globales contra la mercantilización de los bienes y servicios vitales como agua, suelos, semillas, selvas, océanos y otros, entendidos como bienes comunes de la humanidad.

El salto de rumbo a un nuevo paradigma de sociedad planetaria no se dará por ahora, pero será obligatorio ante las crisis socioambientales que se aproximan. El sufrimiento colectivo nos dará amargas lecciones. Todos aprenderemos, a base de duras penas, el amor y el cuidado a la vida, a la humanidad y a la Madre Tierra, condiciones para el futuro que queremos.

Fonte: www.adital.com.br/site/noticia.asp?lang=ES&cod=68188

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