"Cómo enfrentarnos a la sexta extinción masiva", Leonardo Boff

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Ya nos hemos referido anteriormente al hecho de que el ser humano, en los últimos tiempos, ha inaugurado una nueva era geológica –el antropoceno–, era en la que él aparece como la gran amenaza para la biosfera y el eventual exterminador de su propia civilización.

Desde hace mucho tiempo biólogos y cosmólogos están advirtiendo a la humanidad de que el nivel de nuestra intervención agresiva en los procesos naturales está acelerando enormemente la sexta extinción en masa de especies de seres vivos. Está en curso desde hace algunos miles de años. Estas extinciones pertenecen misteriosamente al proceso cosmogénico de la Tierra. En los últimos 540 millones de años la Tierra conoció cinco grandes extinciones en masa, prácticamente una cada cien millones de años, que exterminaron gran parte de la vida en el mar y la tierra. La última ocurrió hace 65 millones de años cuando fueron aniquilados, entre otros, los dinosaurios.

Hasta ahora todas las extinciones fueron ocasionadas por las fuerzas del propio universo y de la Tierra, como por ejemplo la caída de meteoros rasantes o por convulsiones climáticas. La sexta está siendo acelerada por el ser humano. Sin su presencia, desaparecía una especie cada cinco años. Ahora, a causa de nuestra agresividad industrialista y consumista, multiplicamos cien mil veces la extinción, nos dice el cosmólogo Brian Swimme en una entrevista reciente al Enlighten Next Magazin, nº 19. Los datos son estremecedores: Paul Ehrlich, profesor de ecología en Standford calcula que son exterminadas 250.000 especies por año, mientras que Edward O. Wilson, de Harvard, da números más bajos, entre 27.000 y 100.000 especies por año (R. Barbault, Ecologia Geral, 2011, p. 318).

Necesitamos reinventarnos como especie que se preocupa de las demás especies y aprender a convivir con toda la comunidad de vida.

El ecólogo E. Goldsmith de la Universidad de Georgia afirma que la humanidad, al volver el mundo cada vez más empobrecido, degradado y menos capaz de sustentar la vida, ha revertido el proceso evolutivo en 3 millones de años. Lo peor de todo es que ni nos damos cuenta de esta práctica devastadora ni estamos preparados para evaluar lo que significa una extinción en masa. Significa sencillamente la destrucción de las bases ecológicas de la vida en la Tierra y la eventual interrupción de nuestro ensayo civilizatorio y quizá hasta de nuestra propia especie. Thomas Berry, el padre de la ecología americana, escribió: «nuestras tradiciones éticas saben cómo manejar el suicidio, el homicidio e incluso el genocidio, pero no saben qué hacer con el biocidio y el geocidio» (Our Way into the Future, 1990, p. 104).

¿Podemos desacelerar la sexta extinción en masa ya que somos sus principales causantes? Podemos y debemos. Una buena señal es que estamos despertando la conciencia de nuestros orígenes, hace 13,7 miles de millones de años, y de nuestra responsabilidad por el futuro de la vida. Es el universo quien suscita todo eso en nosotros porque está a favor nuestro y no contra nosotros. Pero pide nuestra cooperación ya que somos los mayores causantes de tantos daños. El momento de despertar es ahora, mientras hay tiempo.

Lo primero que hay que hacer es renovar el pacto natural entre Tierra y humanidad. La Tierra nos da todo lo que necesitamos. En el pacto, nuestra retribución debe ser de cuidado y respeto para con los límites de la Tierra. Pero, ingratos, le devolvemos machetazos, bombas y prácticas ecocidas y biocidas.

Lo segundo es reforzar la reciprocidad o la mutualidad: buscar aquella relación mediante la cual entramos en sintonía con los dinamismos de los ecosistemas, usándolos racionalmente, devolviéndoles la vitalidad y garantizándoles sostenibilidad. Para eso necesitamos reinventarnos como especie que se preocupa de las demás especies y aprender a convivir con toda la comunidad de vida. Debemos ser más cooperativos que competitivos, tener más cuidado que voluntad de someter, y reconocer y respetar el valor intrínseco de cada ser.

Lo tercero es vivir la compasión no sólo entre los humanos sino con todos los seres, compasión como forma de amor y cuidado. A partir de ahora ellos dependen de nosotros, si van a poder seguir viviendo o si estarán condenados a desaparecer. Necesitamos abandonar el paradigma de dominación que refuerza la extinción masiva y vivir el del cuidado y el respeto, que preserva y prolonga la vida. En medio del antropoceno, urge inaugurar la era ecozoica que coloca lo ecológico en el centro. Sólo así hay esperanza de salvar nuestra civilización y de permitir la continuidad de nuestro planeta vivo.

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Fonte: www.adital.com.br/site/noticia.asp?lang=ES&cod=65179

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